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Research & References

  1. World English Bible Project Contributors (2020). World English Bible. ebible.org,
    Read more at https://ebible.org/web/
  2. Peper, E., & Harvey, R. (2018). Digital addiction: Increased loneliness, anxiety, and depression. NeuroRegulation, 5 (1), 3-8.
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  3. Longcamp, M., Boucard, C., Gilhodes, J. C., Anton, J. L., Roth, M., Nazarian, B., & Velay, J. L. (2008). Learning through hand- or typewriting influences visual recognition of new graphic shapes: Behavioral and functional imaging evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20 (5), 802-815.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20504
  4. Berninger, V. W., Abbott, R. D., Augsburger, A., & Garcia, N. (2009). Comparison of pen and keyboard transcription modes in children with and without learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 32 (3), 123-141.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.2307/27740364
  5. James, K. H., & Engelhardt, L. (2012). The effects of handwriting experience on functional brain development in pre-literate children. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 1 (1), 32-42.
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  6. Smyth, J. M. (1998). Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (1), 174-184.
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  7. Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. K. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95 (3), 274-281.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.95.3.274
  8. Newberg, A., & Waldman, M. R. (2009). How God changes your brain: Breakthrough findings from a leading neuroscientist. Ballantine Books,
    Read more at https://www.amazon.com/How-Changes-Your-Brain-Neuroscientist/dp/0345503422
  9. Vance, D. E., Brennan, M., Enah, C., Smith, G. L., & Kaur, J. (2011). Religion, spirituality, and older adults with HIV: Critical personal and social resources for an aging epidemic. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 6 , 101-109.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S16349
  10. Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2005). Dyslexia (specific reading disability). Biological psychiatry, 57 (11), 1301-1309.
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  11. Koenig, H. G., & Büssing, A. (2010). The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A five-item measure for use in epidemiological studies. Religions, 1 (1), 78-85.
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  12. Dege, F., Kubicek, C., & Schwarzer, G. (2011). Music lessons and intelligence: A relation mediated by executive functions. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29 (2), 195-201.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2011.29.2.195
  13. Gutman, S. A., & Schindler, V. P. (2007). The neurological basis of occupation. Occupational Therapy International, 14 (2), 71-85.
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  14. Boltz, M., Capezuti, E., & Fulmer, T. T. (2012). Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice. Springer Publishing Company,
    Read more at https://www.amazon.com/Evidence-Based-Geriatric-Nursing-Protocols-Practice/dp/0826188141
  15. Berninger, V. W., & Wolf, B. J. (2009). Teaching students with dyslexia and dysgraphia: Lessons from teaching and science. Paul H. Brookes Publishing,
    Read more at https://a.co/d/ebL5UWt
  16. Peverly, S. T., Ramaswamy, V., Brown, C., Sumowski, J., Alidoost, M., & Garner, J. (2007). What predicts skill in lecture note taking?. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99 (1), 167–180.
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  17. Glover, T. A., & Albers, C. A. (2007). Considerations for evaluating universal screening assessments. Journal of School Psychology, 45 (2), 117-135.
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  18. Hebert, M., Kearns, D. M., Hayes, J. B., Bazis, P., & Cooper, S. (2018). Why children with dyslexia struggle with writing and how to help them. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49 (4), 843-863.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0024
  19. Goldberg, A., Russell, M., & Cook, A. (2003). The effect of computers on student writing: A meta-analysis of studies from 1992 to 2002. The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment, 2 (1),
    Read more at https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/jtla/article/view/1661
  20. Mangen, A., Anda, L. G., Oxborough, G. H., & Brønnick, K. (2015). Handwriting versus keyboard writing: Effect on word recall. Journal of Writing Research, 7 (2), 227-247.
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  21. Kämpfe, J., Sedlmeier, P., & Renkewitz, F. (2011). The impact of background music on adult listeners: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Music, 39 (4), 424-448.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735610376261
  22. Counted, V., Possamai, A., & Meade, T. (2018). Relational spirituality and quality of life 2007 to 2017: An integrative research review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16 (1), 75.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0895-x
  23. Mueller, P. A., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The pen is mightier than the keyboard: Advantages of longhand over laptop note taking. Psychological Science, 25 (6), 1159-1168.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581
  24. Baikie, K. A., & Wilhelm, K. (2005). Emotional and physical health benefits of expressive writing. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 11 (5), 338-346.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.5.338
  25. Lyubomirsky, S., Sousa, L., & Dickerhoof, R. (2006). The costs and benefits of writing, talking, and thinking about life's triumphs and defeats. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90 (4), 692-708.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.692
  26. Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry, 2012 , 278730.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  27. Sanders, P. W., Allen, G. K., Fischer, L., Richards, P. S., Morgan, D. T., & Potts, R. W. (2015). Intrinsic religiousness and spirituality as predictors of mental health and positive psychological functioning in Latter-Day Saint adolescents and young adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 54 (3), 871-887.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0043-4
  28. Mangen, A., & Balsvik, L. (2016). Pen or keyboard in beginning writing instruction? Some perspectives from embodied cognition. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 5 (3), 99-106.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2016.06.003
  29. Ouellette, G., & Tims, T. (2014). The write way to spell: Printing vs. typing effects on orthographic learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 5 , 117.
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  31. Crowe, J., & Gabriel, L. (2013). Neuroplasticity and the functional recovery of patients with brain injuries. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy,
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  32. Jewitt, C. (2006). Technology, literacy and learning: A multimodal approach. Routledge,
    Read more at https://a.co/d/1SZXRLz
  33. Delahaye Paine, K. (2011). Measure what matters: Online tools for understanding customers, social media, engagement, and key relationships. John Wiley & Sons,
    Read more at https://a.co/d/98h0X2O
  34. Sailer, M., Hense, J. U., Mayr, S. K., & Mandl, H. (2017). How gamification motivates: An experimental study of the effects of specific game design elements on psychological need satisfaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 69 , 371-380.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.033
  35. Van der Meer, A. L. H., & Van der Weel, F. R. (2017). Only three fingers write, but the whole brain works: A high-density EEG study showing advantages of drawing over typing for learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 8 , 706.
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  36. Falkenstern, M., Schiffrin, H. H., Nelson, S. K., Ford, L., & Keyser, C. (2009). Mood over matter: Can happiness be your undoing?. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4 (5), 365-371.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902992415
  37. Krause, N., & Hayward, R. D. (2012). Religion, meaning in life, and change in physical functioning during late adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 19 (3), 158-169.
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  38. Mangen, A., & Velay, J. L. (2010). Digitizing literacy: Reflections on the haptics of writing. Advances in Haptics, 385-401.
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  39. Mar, R. A., Oatley, K., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Exploring the link between reading fiction and empathy: Ruling out individual differences and examining outcomes. Communications, 34 (4), 407-428.
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  40. Khoo, E. L., Small, R., Cheng, W., Hatchard, T., Glynn, B., Rice, D. B., ... & Poulin, P. A. (2019). Comparative evaluation of group-based mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment and management of chronic pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 22 (1), 26-35.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2018-300062
  41. Aragón-Mendizábal, E., Delgado-Casas, C., Navarro-Guzmán, J. I., Menacho-Jiménez, I., & Romero-Oliva, M. F. (2016). A comparative study of handwriting and computer typing in note-taking by university students. Comunicar, 24 (48), 99-107.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.3916/C48-2016-10
  42. Gimenez, P., Bugescu, N., Black, J. M., Hancock, R., Pugh, K., Nagamine, M., Kutner, E., Mazaika, P., Hendren, R., McCandliss, B. D., & Hoeft, F. (2014). Neuroimaging correlates of handwriting quality as children learn to read and write. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8 , 155.
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  44. Wilson, R. S., Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., Barnes, L. L., Schneider, J. A., Bennett, D. A. (2013). Life-span cognitive activity, neuropathologic burden, and cognitive aging. Neurology, 81 (4), 314-321.
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  45. Park, D. C., Lodi-Smith, J., Drew, L., Haber, S., Hebrank, A., Bischof, G. N., Aamodt, W. (2014). The impact of sustained engagement on cognitive function in older adults: The Synapse Project. Psychological Science, 25 (1), 103-112.
    Read more at https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613499592
  46. Nyberg, L., Lövdén, M., Riklund, K., Lindenberger, U., Bäckman, L. (2012). Memory aging and brain maintenance. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16 (5), 292-305.
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  47. Cabeza, R., Albert, M., Belleville, S., Craik, F. I. M., Duarte, A., Grady, C. L., Lindenberger, U., Nyberg, L., Park, D. C., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Rugg, M. D., Steffener, J., Rajah, M. N. (2018). Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19 (11), 701-710.
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  48. Valenzuela, M. J., Sachdev, P. (2006). Brain reserve and dementia: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 36 (4), 441-454.
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  49. Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., Luk, G. (2012). Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16 (4), 240-250.
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  50. Lachman, M. E., Agrigoroaei, S., Murphy, C., Tun, P. A. (2010). Frequent cognitive activity compensates for education differences in episodic memory. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18 (1), 4-10.
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  51. Salthouse, T. A. (2006). Mental exercise and mental aging: Evaluating the validity of the "use it or lose it" hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1 (1), 68-87.
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  52. Kempermann, G., Gast, D., Gage, F. H. (2002). Neuroplasticity in old age: Sustained fivefold induction of hippocampal neurogenesis by long-term environmental enrichment. Annals of Neurology, 52 (2), 135-143.
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